Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Ejina banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, October 2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Ejina banner, Inner Mongolia, in October 2021 and provide evidence for the improvement of COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: The information about the time, area and population distributions of COVID-19 cases in Ejina before November 13, 2021 and the gene sequencing result of the isolates were collected for a statistical descriptive analysis. Results: The first COVID-19 case in Ejina occurred on 7 October, 2021. A total of 164 COVID-19 cases were reported from October 19 to November 12. Most cases were distributed in 6 communities in Darahub (156 cases, 95.12%). The result of full gene sequencing of the isolates indicted that the pathogen was Delta variant (B.1.617.2). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.3∶1. The age of cases ranged from 1 to 85 years, and the cases aged 20-59 years accounted for 78.66%. The main clinical symptoms were sore throat (91 cases, 91.92%), cough (49 cases, 49.49%) and fever (23 cases, 23.23%). Most cases were ordinary ones (81 cases, 49.39%) and mild ones (68 cases, 41.46%). The cases were mainly detected at the isolation points (84 cases, 51.22%) and through population based nucleic acid testing (62 cases, 37.80%). The basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19 was 5.3, the average incubation period was 3.9 days. The local government rapidly started Ⅳ level emergency response and conducted 10 rounds of nucleic acid tests. The transferring of travelers reduced the risk for the further spread of COVID-19 in Ejina. Conclusions: The epidemic of COVID-19 in Ejina characterized by strong transmission, short incubation period, herd susceptibility and case clustering. Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the pathogen, which might be imported from Zeke port. Comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as closed-loop management and vaccination, should be continued. The successful transferring of the patients and travelers provided evidence for the effective and precise prevention and control of COVID-19 in a routine manner.

The response of hypothalamic CRF and AVP neurons of neonatal rats to simulated acute hypoxia / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the response of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) of adrenalectomized neonatal rats to hypoxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hypoxia was simulated in hypobaric cabin. The amount of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was assayed by RIA method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When neonatal rats exposed to acute hypoxia (simulated altitude of 5 000 m and 7 000 m, 24 h), their hypothalamic CRF was not changed in 3 d and 7 d rats, lower than control in 14 d, 21 d and 28 d rats, while hypothalamic AVP had no change in 3 d rats, was lower than control in 14 d and higher in 7 d, 21 d and 28 d rats. The responsive pattern of those two neuropeptides to acute hypoxia changed with the growth of rats. Adrenalectomy reduced the amount of hypothalamic CRF and AVP in 14 d, 21 d and 28 d rats, except AVP in 28 d rats. When adrenalectomized neonates exposed to hypoxia, there was no further change in CRF and AVE, means adrenalectomy not only removed the negative regulation of corticosteroid on CRF and AVE, but also inhibited the normal development of CRF and AVP neurons and thus, their responsive ability to hypoxia.</p>

The effects of simulated hypoxia on the development of hypothalamic CRF and AVP neurons in postnatal rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the influence of hypoxia on postnatal developing pattern of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor(CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in male and female neonatal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hypoxia was simulated in hypobaric cabin. The content of AVP and CRF was assayed by RIA method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was showed the female rats had the similar developing process with male rats, either at 2300 m or at 5000 m altitude. When they developed at simulated 5000 m altitude, the content of their hypothalamic CRF was lower than that of control rats on postnatal day 21, while the content of AVP was higher than control on day 21 and 28.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maybe the difference of the function between hypothalamic CRF and AVP or/and the incoherence of their developing stage contribute to their particular developing pattern at 5000 m altitude.</p>